SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
或:
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
注释:在某些数据库中,LEFT JOIN 称为 LEFT OUTER JOIN。

假设有两个表:Customers 和 Orders。
Customers 表:
| CustomerID | Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Alice |
| 2 | Bob |
| 3 | Charlie |
| 4 | David |
Orders 表:
| OrderID | CustomerID | Product |
|---|---|---|
| 101 | 1 | Laptop |
| 102 | 2 | Smartphone |
SELECT Customers.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Customers
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID;
查询输出结果:
| Name | Product |
|---|---|
| Alice | Laptop |
| Bob | Smartphone |
| Charlie | NULL |
|David NULL
解释:LEFT JOIN 返回了 Customers 表中的所有记录。对于 Charlie 和 David,由于在 Orders 表中没有匹配的 CustomerID,它们对应的 Product 列为 NULL。
在本教程中,我们将使用 RUNOOB 样本数据库。
下面是选自 "Websites" 表的数据:
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
<table>
<tr>
<th>1</th>
<th>Google</th>
<th>https://www.google.cm/</th>
<th>1</th>
<th>USA</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>菜鸟教程</td>
<td>http://www.runoob.com/</td>
<td>4689</td>
<td>CN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>微博</td>
<td>http://weibo.com/</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>CN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Facebook</td>
<td>https://www.facebook.com/</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>stackoverflow</td>
<td>http://stackoverflow.com/</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>IND</td>
</tr>
</table>
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
下面是 "access_log" 网站访问记录表的数据:
mysql> SELECT * FROM access_log;
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
<table>
<tr>
<th>1</th>
<th>1</th>
<th>45</th>
<th>2016-05-10</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>230</td>
<td>2016-05-14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>2016-05-14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>2016-05-14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>2016-05-15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>2016-05-15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>545</td>
<td>2016-05-16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>201</td>
<td>2016-05-17</td>
</tr>
</table>
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
下面的 SQL 语句将返回所有网站及他们的访问量(如果有的话)。
以下实例中我们把 Websites 作为左表,access_log 作为右表:
SELECT Websites.name, access_log.count, access_log.date
FROM Websites
LEFT JOIN access_log
ON Websites.id=access_log.site_id
ORDER BY access_log.count DESC;
执行以上 SQL 输出结果如下:

注释:LEFT JOIN 关键字从左表(Websites)返回所有的行,即使右表(access_log)中没有匹配。
来源:https://www.runoob.com/sql/sql-join-left.html